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Vincent van Gogh's health
There is no consensus on Vincent van Gogh's health. His death in 1890 is generally accepted to have been a suicide. Many competing hypotheses have been put forward about possible medical conditions he had. These include epilepsy, bipolar disorder, sunstroke, acute intermittent porphyria, lead poisoning and Ménière's disease.
== Symptoms and characteristics ==
Various symptoms are described in Van Gogh's letters and other documents such as the asylum register at Saint-Rémy. The symptoms include: poor digestion and a bad stomach, hallucinations, nightmares, stupor, absent mindedness, impotence, insomnia, and anxiety.
Van Gogh suffered from some sort of seizures or crises, and in one of these attacks, December 23, 1888, he cut off a part of his ear.〔"''It can be said that with the exception of the sister-in-law Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, who had family-related reasons for playing down the injury, not a single witness speaks of a severed earlobe. On the contrary, the mutually independent statements by the principal witness Paul Gauguin, the prostitute who was given the ear, the gendarme who was on duty in the red-light district, the investigating police officer and the local newspaper report, accord with the evidence that the artist’s unfortunate “self-mutilation” involves the entire (left) ear. The existing handwritten and clearly worded medical reports by three different physicians, all of whom observed and treated Vincent van Gogh over an extended period of time in Arles as well as in Saint-Rémy ought to provide ultimate proof of the fact that the artist was missing an entire ear and not just an earlobe.''" Quoted from (Van Gogh's Ear ) by the art historian Rita Wildegans.〕〔(letter to Paul Signac, underlining symptoms of depression 1889 ) Retrieved June 25, 2010〕 Following that attack, he was admitted to hospital in Arles, where his condition was diagnosed as "acute mania with generalised delirium". Dr. Félix Rey, a young intern at the hospital, also suggested there might be "a kind of epilepsy" involved that he characterised as ''mental'' epilepsy.〔Naifeh and Smith (2011), 701 ''ff.'', 729, 749〕 These attacks became more frequent by 1890, the longest and severest lasting some 9 weeks from February to April 1890. Initial attacks of confusion and unconsciousness were followed by periods of stupor and incoherence during which he was generally unable to paint, draw, or even to write letters.〔Hulsker (1980), 390〕〔Naifeh and Smith (2011), 707 ''ff.'', 814 - 816〕
One of the most frequent complaints in Van Gogh's letters is the problems he endured with his stomach and digestion.〔See letters 215, 307, 316, 321, 442, 448, 449, 450, 458, 469, 474, 478, 480, 492, 520, 530, 569, 590b, 592, 606, 607, 638, W5, B4, B17. Also Tralbaut page 177.〕 Van Gogh suffered from hallucinations〔See letters 574, 576, 592, 607, 620, and the Saint Rémy asylum register〕 and nightmares at times.〔See letters 574, 602a, 613, 640, W4〕 He often reported that he was suffering from fever.〔See letters 172, 173, 200, 206, 215, 216, 302, 469, 576 and R10〕 At various times he reported bouts of insomnia. He was unable to sleep for three weeks prior to his diagnosis of gonorrhea in The Hague (sleeplessness and fever probably due to infectious disease).〔"I have not been able to sleep for several nights, and have been feverish and nervous."(Letter 200 ) from The Hague, circa 23 May 1882. ((Hulsker September 1958 ) assigns it the range 16 to 26 May) and "For three weeks I have been suffering from insomnia and low fever, and passing water was painful." — (Letter 206 ) from The Hague, 8 or 9 June 1882〕 On occasions he sunk into a kind of stupor.〔See letters 489, 628.〕 Van Gogh reported his impotence to Theo, his brother, in the summer after he arrived in Arles,〔See (Letter 506 )〕 and a month later when he wrote to Bernard it seemed to still be very much on his mind.〔See (Letter B14 )〕 Van Gogh mentioned suicide several times in his letters towards the end of his life, nevertheless Naifeh and Smith note that van Gogh was fundamentally opposed to suicide.〔Naifeh and Smith (2011), 852 ''ff.''〕
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